Human speech sound is called phone. Phone is concrete sound which we hear. Phoneme is the abstract thing of analysis. Phones or speech sounds are studied in phonetics, while phoneme is the object of phonology. Phonemes are often defined as the smallest distinctive unit of language.
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According to Sudaryanto in “Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Jawa”, the types of Javanese Affixes are prefixes, suffixes, infixes, and circumfixes. The prefix N- added to the word pangan (‘food’), for example, will change the word pangan (‘food’) which is noun to mangan (‘eat’) which is verb. The example of the Javanese suffix is the suffix -en . The word bleduk (dust) + -en becomes bleduken (‘dusty’). The example of Javanese infix is the infix -em-. The Javanese word semega (‘the condition of someone who likes to eat much; this condition usually refers to the teenagers’) is derived from the word sega (‘rice’) added to the infix -em- . The example of Javanese circumfix is the circumfix N- …. -i. The word mbanyoni (‘to irrigate’), for example is derived from the word banyu (‘water’) added to the circumfix N- …. -i.
Reference:
Sudaryanto. 1991. Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Jawa. Yogyakarta: Duta Wacana University Press.
The domain of Morphology is words. How words are formed is the concern of this field . Based on the statement above morphological structure is the structure which consists of the elements to form words. The most common word formation in language including English is affixation. Affixation is the process of word formation by adding the affixes or bound morphemes in bases or roots (free morphemes). In other words morphological structure is the structure or forms of words primarily through the use of morpheme construct (Crystal, 1980: 232).
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